X-Ray (Plain film)


  • Within normal limits.
  • No abnormalities are noted

  • To identify changes in the position, size, contour, structure, and density of organs and tissues
  • To use for diagnosis, screening, or evaluation of healing.

  • Chest and head
    1. Pneumothorax
    2. Pneumonia
    3. Atelectasis
    4. Tuberculosis
    5. Pleural effusion
    6. Pulmonary Abscess
    7. Fracture
    8. Scoliosis
    9. Cystic or pulmonary fibrosis
    10. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    11. Tumor
    12. Cyst
    13. Mediastinal nodes
    14. Atherosclerosis
    15. Aortic Aneurysm
    16. Cardiac hypertrophy
    17. Congestive heart failure.
  • Intestinal tract
    1. Perforation
    2. Subphrenic Abscess
    3. Obstruction
    4. Foreign body
    5. Ileus
    6. Volvulus
    7. Intussusception
    8. Biliary tract calculus
  • Urinary system
    1. Renal Abscess
    2. Renal Tuberculosis
    3. Congenital malformation
    4. Tumor
    5. Pyelonephritis
    6. Amyloidosis
    7. Renal or ureteral calculus
    8. Glomerulonephritis
    9. Hydronephrosis
    10. Polycystic kidney
    11. Hematoma
  • Bones and joints
    1. Fracture
    2. Dislocation
    3. Subluxation
    4. Gout
    5. Arthritis
    6. Bone cyst
    7. Tumo
    8. Osteomyelitis
    9. Osteoporosis
    10. Rickets
    11. Osteomalacia
    12. Paget's disease
  • Skull
    1. Congenital anomaly
    2. Fracture
    3. Paget's disease
    4. Acromegaly
    5. Osteomyelitis
  • Spinal vertebrae
    1. Ankylosing spondyllitis
    2. Fracture
    3. Scoliosis/kyphosis
    4. Ruptured disc
    5. Osteoarthritis
    6. Osteoporosis
    7. Tuberculosis
    8. Paget's disease

  • Excessive movement
  • Failure to remove metal or jewely
  • For abdominal and kidney-ureter-bladder films: retained barium or contrast medium, feces,
  • Ascites, gas, obesity