Protein Electrophoresis


  • Serum

  • Adult: Albumin: 3.5-5.0 g/dl
    1. Alpha 1-globulin: 0.1-0.3 g/dl
    2. Alpha 2-globulin: 0.6-1.0 g/dl
    3. Beta globulin: 0.7-1.1 g/dl
    4. Gamma globulin: 0.8-1.6 g/dl
  • Child: Albumin: 3.6-5.2 g/dl
    1. Alpha1-globulin: 0.1-0.4 g/dl
    2. Alpha2-globulin: 0.5-1.2 g/dl
    3. Beta globulin: 0.5-1.2 g/dl
    4. Gamma globulin: 0.5-1.7 g/dl

  • To detect hepatobiliary disease
  • To evaluate nutritional status
  • To detect  Multiple Myeloma and macroglobulinemia

  • Albumin:

- Dehydration

  • Alpha 1-globulin:
    1. Inflammatory disease
    2. Neoplastic disease
  • Alpha 2-globulin:
    1. Nephrotic syndrome
    2. Neoplasm
    3. Rheumatic fever
    4. Infection
  • Betaglobulin:
    1. Hyperlipoproteinemia
    2. Monoclonal gammopathies
  • Gamma globulin:
    1. Chronic liver diseases
    2. Collagen diseases
    3. Infection
    4. Inflammation
    5. Cancer
    6. Myeloma
    7. Macroglobulinemia

  • Albumin:
    1. Rapid intravenous hydration
    2. Malnutrition
    3. Cirrhosis
    4. Cancer
    5. Nephrotic syndrome
    6. Crohn's disease
    7. Fistula
    8. Ulcerative colitis
    9. Severe thermal injury
  • Alpha1-globulin:

- Hereditary alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

  • Alpha2-globulin:
    1. Hemolysis
    2. Hepatocellular damage
  • Beta globulin:

- Hypobetalipoproteinemia

  • Gamma globulin:
    1. Response to cytotoxic or immunosuppressive medication
    2. Lymphocytic Leukemia
    3. Lymphosarcoma
    4. Multiple Myeloma
    5. Immunodeficiency syndrome