Phosphorus Serum Adult: 12-60 years: 2.7-4.5 mg/dl > 60 years: 2.3-3.7 mg/dl Child: 2-12 years: 4.5-5.5 mg/dl 10 days-2 years: 4.5-6.7 mg/dl Infant (0-10 days): 4.5-9 mg/dl Premature infant (1 week): 5.4 -10.9 mg/dl Cord blood: 3.7-8.1 mg/dl Adult: 8.2-14.5 mg/dl To detect disorders of calcium, bone, or endocrine origin To diagnose kidney disorders and acid-base imbalance Renal failure Cirrhosis of the liver Hypovolemia Pulmonary embolism Dehydration Diabetic ketoacidosis Milk alkali syndrome Acromegaly Vitamin D toxicity Respiratory acidosis Osteolytic metastatic bone tumor Lactic acidosis Sarcoidosis Postanesthesia hyperthermia Hypoparathyrodism Osteomalacia Acute respiratory infection Osteoblastic bone cancer Prolonged intravenous glucose therapy Acute gout Prolonged nasogastric drainage Vitamin D deficiency Hyperparathyroidism Renal tubular disease Serum calcium elevation Severe Malabsoption Vomiting Diarrhea Sepsis Starvation Respiratory alkalosis Hemolysis Carbohydrate-rich meals Recent phosphate enema