Encephalitis Normal Abnormal This is a condition in which the brain tissue itself becomes infected and inflamed.  Viruses are the most common cause.  They are often transmitted by mosquito bite. Fever Headache Stiff neck Double Vision Facial droop Sore throat Nausea/vomiting Stiff (spastic) paralysis Stupor Coma Seizures Arboviruses -- e.g., include St. Louis encephalitis, Eastern Equine encephalitis Herpes virus Mumps Poliovirus Measles Chicken Pox virus Toxins/drugs Reye's syndrome Mononucleosis Japanese B encephalitis HIV Cerebral spinal fluid may show increased protein and increased lymphocyte count Blood tests (serology) may show evidence of the virus that is causing encephalitis. CT scans and MRI scans will show Herpes virus in the temporal lobe, or other causes such as toxoplasmosis. If caused by Herpes virus -- Acyclovir intravenously Rabies vaccination series Most of the other viruses -- no specific treatment Mannitol may be needed to decrease intracranial pressure Treatment of Seizures if they occur Maintain airway (breathing) Mosquito control -- insecticides sprayed by government agencies Mosquito repellents, protective clothing Proper childhood vaccinations Japanese B encephalitis vaccine available for travelers (especially high risk, children, and adults over 65 years old) Viral Meningitis Cancer in the spinal fluid Polio Stroke -- severe Brain Tumors Brain Abscess Alcohol intoxication Drug intoxication