Dementia Dementia is characterized by a slow deterioration of memory and mental function, usually worsening slowly over months and years.  An individual suffering dementia typically has a clear sensorium (i.e., he is alert and not drowsy, sleepy, or in a stupor).  A rapid onset of confusion or memory loss is not dementia, and needs immediate medical evaluation. Memory loss Loss of impulse control (may start using profane language) Decreased level of function A decrease in the ability to perform the activities of daily living Mini-mental status examination MRI or CT scan of head to check for Strokes or other causes Basic blood tests to check for other conditions, such as underactive thyroid Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may be necessary if there is a concern about tertiary Syphilis or Chronic Meningitis Alzheimer's disease -- treatments that may have some benefit: Donepezil (Aricept) Selegiline Ginkgo Bilboa Vitamin E Antidepressants are prescribed if underlying Depression is present Anti-anxiety and anti-psychotic medications may be needed for some individuals Multi-infarct dementia The goal is to prevent further stokes.  Treatments may include an aspirin per day, Plavix, Coumadin, or cholesterol-lowering medications. The medications currently available somewhat improve mental function, while slowing the progression of the dementia.  It is important to keep the individual with Alzheimer's disease in a stable, predictable, environment.  In addition, support from spouses, family members, and caregivers are extremely important.  Generally, there are support organizations in most areas in the United States. Korsakoff's Syndrome Cerebral atrophy Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Vitamin deficiencies Tertiary (late) Syphilis Brain Tumor Collagen vascular diseases such as lupus Types of dementia Primary degenerative dementia Alzheimer's disease is the most common type and, in general, is a steady, degenerating dementia. Huntington dementia is associated with chorea, a movement disorder (see chorea). Pick's disease is characterized by personality changes Slow viruses such as Creutzfeld-Jakob syndrome or "Mad Cow" disease Multi-infarct dementia is caused by multiple small Strokes Mixed -- both Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia are present HIV dementia Normal pressure hydrocephalus -- excess cerebral spinal fluid in the brain Parkinson's Disease (occurs in some individuals) Multiple Sclerosis (occurs in some individuals