Decompression Sickness Decompression Sickness is caused by rapid changes in environmental pressure, most commonly experienced by divers undergoing a change in water pressure.  It also occurs in fliers when there is a drastic change in altitude. Decompression Sickness occurs because dissolved gas (nitrogen) in the body's tissues expands, releasing gas bubbles. Symptoms depend on where the released gas bubbles occur in the body. Joint pains ("bends") Confusion Shortness of breath Burning chest pain with a deep breath Cough Ear pain Sinus pain Deep sea diving Flying (non-pressurized) Oxygen Aspirin for pain (pain killers should be used cautiously, because they cover up symptoms, therefore making it difficult to tell if the person is getting better) IV hydration Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (a special chamber that forces oxygen into the tissue) You need immediate emergency medical treatment. Untreated, it can lead to permanent disability and death.