Cystoscopy Direct visualization of the urinary bladder from inside No anatomic or structural abnormalities are present To invetigate the cause of painless Hematuria, particularly when cancer of the epithelial lining is suspected. To investigate into the cause of urinary incontinence or retention Cancer of the bladder Polyps Diverticula of the bladder Bladder fistula Bladder Stones Bladder neck stricture Congenital anomaly Benign prostatic hypertrophy Cancer of the Prostate gland Failure to maintain a nothing-by-mouth status Acute infection of the bladder,urethra, or prostate gland