Catecholamines


  • Plasma, urine

  • Serum
    1. Catecholamine
    2. Supine
    3. Standing
  • Epinephrine
    1. < 50 pg/ml
    2. < 900 pg/ml
  • Norepinephrine
    1. 110-410 pg/ml
    2. 125-700 pg/ml
  • Dopamine
    1. < 87 pg/ml
    2. < 87 pg/ml
  • Urine
    1. Norepinephrine: < 100 ng/d 24 hours
    2. Epinephrine: < 10 ng/d 24 hours
    3. Dopamine: 65-400 ?/font>g/d 24hours
    4. Vanillylmandelic acid: 2-7 mg/24hours
    5. Metanephrine: 0.1-1.6 mg/d



  • For plasma catecholamine levels
  1. Severe anxiety
  2. Cold environment
  3. Amine-rich foods and drinks
  4. Medications (amphetamine, barbiturates, decongestants, epinephrine, levodopa, phenothiazines, reserpine, sympathomimetics, tricyclic antidepressants)
  • For urinary catecholamines
    1. Stress for Epinephrine
    2. Exercise for Norepinephrine 
    3. Foods and drugs; Levodopa, methydopa for Dopamine
    4. MAO inhibitors for Metanephrine 
    5. Severe stress for Normetanephrine
    6. Catecholamine, Levodopa, MAO inhibitors, food with vanilla for VMA