Calcium Serum, urine Serum Adult: 8.2-10.2 mg/dl. Infant-1 month: 7-11.5 mg/dl. Child, 1month-1 year: 8.6-11.2 mg/dl Urine Adult: 100-300 mg/day, Infant and child: < 6 mg/kg/day To assist in diagnosis of acid-base imbalance, coagulation disorders, pathologic bone disorders, endocrine disorders, cardiac arrhythmia, muscle disorders Hyperparathyroidism. Polycythemia vera Metastatic cancer Pheochromocytoma Multiple myeloma Sarcoidosis Vitamin D intoxication, Thyrotoxicosis, Adrenal insufficiency Bacteremia Milk-alkali syndrome Dehydration Overdose of calcium antacids Paget's disease Idiopathic hypercalcemia of infancy. Hypoparathyroidism Acute pancreatitis Vitamin-D deficiency Chronic renal failure Anterior pituitary hypofunction Alcoholism Renal tubular disease Hypoalbuminemia Cirrhosis of the liver Massive blood transfusion Malnutrition Neonatal Prematurity Prolonged intravenous fluid therapy Hemolysis, prolonged storage of blood specimen.