Bronchiectasis




Normal
Abnormal
  • The bronchi are the large tubes that carry air deep down into the lungs.  If they become inflamed or infected, especially over long periods, their walls may be damaged, resulting in abnormal dilation.  This condition is called bronchiectasis, in which the bronchi are constantly infected.

  • Cough with colored sputum
  • Cough with blood
  • Cyanosis -- bluish discoloration of skin and lips due to lack of oxygen.
  • Wheezing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Barrel shape chest
  • Recurrent Pneumonia
  • Weight Loss

  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Lung Infections and Abscess
  • Tumors that obstruct the bronchi
  • Aspiration of foreign bodies
  • Genetic syndromes such as alpha-1-antitirypsin deficiency and Kartagener's syndrome
  • Congenital (present at birth) immunodeficiency syndromes
  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndromes
  • Tuberculosis
  • Chronic aspiration
  • Inhalation of toxic, irritating chemicals or gases.
  • Allergic bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

  • Examination

- Crackles in lungs

  • Laboratory
    1. Sputum culture
    2. Anemia
    3. Oximetry shows a decreased oxygen saturation
  • Imaging
    1. Chest X-Ray shows increased bronchial markings, fibrosis, and cystic spaces at the base of the lungs
    2. CT scan
  • Testing

- Bronchoscopy (scope passed into lungs)


  • Drink plenty of fluids
  • Stop smoking
  • Chest physical therapy -- draining thick sputum
  • Antibiotics based on sputum culture results

- Augmentin is commonly used

  • Bronchoscopy is sometimes needed to remove plugged secretions.
  • Surgery for very severe cases.